Qhov sib txawv ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite

Tus yuam sij sib txawv ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite yog tias nitrate muaj peb oxygen atoms muaj ob oxygen atoms sib raug zoo rau cov nitrogen atom.
Ob nitrate thiab nitrite yog inorganic actions muaj cov nitrogen thiab oxygen atoms. Tag nrho cov itions muaj tus nqi hluav taws xob. Lawv yog feem ntau tshwm sim raws li lub anion ntawm ntsev tebchaw. Muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite; Peb yuav sib tham txog cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus no.

Dab tsi yog nitrate?

Nitrate yog ib qho kev anentacacic muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog cov polyatomic anion uas muaj 4 atoms; ib qho nitrogen atom thiab peb oxygen atoms. Lub Act muaj -1 them tag nrho. Cov pob txha caj qaum ntawm cov anion no yog 62 g / mol. Tsis tas li, cov anion no tau muab los ntawm nws cov kua qaub conjugate; nitric acid lossis hno3. Hauv lwm lo lus, nitrate yog lub hauv paus conjugate hauv paus ntawm nitric acid.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nitrate ion muaj ib qho nitrogen atom hauv nruab nrab uas khi cov atoms nrog peb cov pa oxygen ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg. Thaum xav txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov anion, nws muaj peb yam kev sib khi (raws li cov qauv resonance ntawm lub anion). Li no, cov geometry ntawm molecule yog lub planonal trigonal. Txhua cov pa atom nqa ib - 2/3 them, uas muab tag nrho tus nqi ntawm lub anion li -1.

Ntawm tus qauv siab thiab kub, yuav luag txhua cov ntsev teb kom muaj cov anion yaj hauv dej. Peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib txwm muaj nitrate ntsev rau lub ntiaj teb raws li kev tso nyiaj; nitratine tso nyiaj. Nws tsuas muaj sodium nitrate. Ntxiv mus, nitrify cov kab mob tuaj yeem tsim nitrate ion. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb siv ntawm cov ntsev nitrate yog nyob hauv cov chiv chiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog pab tau raws li tus neeg saib xyuas oxidizing hauv cov khoom tawg.

Nitrite yog dab tsi?

Nitrite yog ib qho ntsev inorganic muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom no. Qhov no yog ib qho nitrogen anion, thiab nws muaj ib qho nitrogen atom Bonded rau ob cov pa Axygen atoms nrog ob qho kev pom kev sib cav sib ceg. Li no, cov nitrogen atom yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov molecule. Lub Act muaj -1 them tag nrho.

Cov pob txha caj qaum ntawm lub anion yog 46.01 g / mol. Tsis tas li, cov anion no tau muab tau los ntawm nitrous acid lossis hno2. Li no, nws yog lub ntsiab conjugate puag ntawm nitrous acid. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev nitrite siv los ntawm kev hla cov tshuaj nitrous rau aqueous sodium hydroxide tov. Ntxiv mus, qhov no ua cov sodium nitrite uas peb tuaj yeem huv huv recrystallization. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nitrite salts xws li sodium nitrite muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev txuag khoom noj vim tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zaub mov ntawm microbial kev loj hlob.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite?

Nitrate yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam inorganic muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom yog ib qho ntsev inorganic muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv thawj ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite dag raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob lub os. Uas yog; Tus yuam sij sib txawv ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite yog tias nitrate muaj peb oxygen atoms muaj ob oxygen atoms sib raug zoo rau cov nitrogen atom. Ntxiv mus, nitrate ion yog muab tau los ntawm nws cov kua qaub conjugate; Nitric acid, thaum lub nitrite ion yog muab tau los ntawm nitrous acid. Raws li lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nitrate thiab nitrite ions, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nitrate yog ib tug neeg tiv thaiv oxidizing tsuas yog ua rau tus neeg saib xyuas thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev.