Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg kub leaching tus neeg sawv cev

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg kub leaching tus neeg sawv cev

Raws li lub teb chaws them ntau dua thiab ntau dua kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nws yuav tsum txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua qias tuaj thiab qib siab ua haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig rau Tswj thiab tswj ib puag ncig cov pa phem los ntawm qhov chaw. tsom. Nrog kev nce qib nruam ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab ntxheem, kub (cov hlau tsis muaj) cov tshuaj tua kab ntxhia kuj niaj hnub tau ua tas li. Tsawg-toxic thiab ib puag ncig cov neeg ua kom kub kub kub ib puag ncig tsom rau thaum hloov cov sodium cyanide tawg tag nrho lub teb chaws. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm yog: Nws yog tsim nrog thiocyanate, thaocea, urea thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv nrog Causic dej qab zib ntxiv nrog Causic dej qab zib ntxiv nrog Causic dej qab zib ntxiv nrog Causic dej qab zib ntxiv nrog Causic dej qab zib ntxiv nrog Caustric dej qab zib. Piv nrog tsoosium cyanide, nws muaj qis toxicity thiab yog tus muaj kev nyab xeeb siv. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kub (cov hlau tsis yog-ferrous) ntau lawm thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm kev ua tau qis thiab ib puag ncig tus neeg saib xyuas kub uas muaj urala, caustic tshauv yog luv luv cov ntaub ntawv yog luv luv li hauv qab no:

Txoj kev 1: Ya cua sov ura thiab dej qab zib tshauv rau lub xeev me me hauv kev hloov pauv, potassium), do thiab yaj, ces tawm thiab txias, tsoo thiab pob; Cov khoom tiav ua rau cov khoom ua tiav los ntawm cov qauv no tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm X-Ray Diffraction los txiav txim siab seb nws puas yog synthesized nyob rau hauv txawv cov xwm txheej. Lub cev ntawm cov khoom lag luam, cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias: cov hmoov av dawb, kuj tsim tawm. Tsuas yog siv ib qho tsis yog los yog ob qho tib si ntawm cov saum toj no peb reagents tuaj yeem tsim cov theem tshiab. Txij li txhua ntu theem tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom poob siab kub, cov theem tshiab yuav ua raws li tus neeg saib xyuas kub. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib xws ntawm peb cov reawgents potassium daj cov ntsev, urea thiab dej qab zib yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov synthesis ntawm ib qho kev ua tau zoo kub uas muaj cov khoom tshiab. Qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau ntawm cov nyhuv ci thiab tsim cov theem tshiab. Thaum qhov ntsuas kub tshaj 550 ° C, cov foos tshiab, tab sis ntawm 800 ° ploj, thiab cov qauv tshiab yuav tsis ruaj khov. Cov qauv no siv cov ntsev ntshav thiab cov poov tshuaj kim thiab muaj cov nqi siab uas siab, ua rau cov nqi ntau lawm.

Txoj kev 2: Kho kom sov, dej sov, cathalyst, thiab inhibitors, thiab intept lub xeev, kom lawv sov rau ib lub sijhawm, tso thiab txias thiab pob; Hom no tseem siv urea thiab dej qab zib tshauv ua cov ntaub ntawv nyoos, tab sis ntxiv ib qho catalyst tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nruab nrab thiab qis kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, inhibitors tau ntxiv thaum synthemes cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev ploj ntawm theem, uas thaum kawg cuam tshuam qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom. X-ray diffraction tsom xam ntawm cov khoom tiav los ntawm cov qauv no tseem tuaj yeem qhia cov theem tshiab uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kub immersion. Tus nqi ntawm hom no yog tsawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov khoom yog tswj tau, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag yog siab tshaj qhov ntawm txoj kev.

Txoj kev peb: Rece urea, dej qab zib tshauv, thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev hauv lub xeev molten. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav, txias cia, tsoo thiab pob. Cov txheej txheem no tau siv urea thiab dej qab zib tshauv kom hnov ​​mob ntawm ib qho kub thiab txias rau synthesize sodium cyanate. Txo cov neeg sawv cev xws li cov hmoov hlau thiab txo cov hmoov roj carbon thiab txo cov roj cyanate rau hauv cov cyanide siab heev. Txoj kev no yog cov nqi tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv cov khoom tiav cov ntsiab lus tiav. Xoo hluav taws xob txawv tsom xam pom tias tsis muaj theem tshiab yog tsim, tsuas yog sodium cyanide.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no peb yog urea thiab dej qab zib. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov dej qab zib tshauv thiab cov ncuav qab zib ntsev los ua cov khoom siv raw kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ammonia los ntawm kev ua paug ib puag ncig. Khoom siv cov khoom siv ntawm peb txoj kev yog tib yam, thiab cov hluav taws xob kub siab lossis roj hluav taws xob. Lossis roj-rho nyiaj converter rau ntau lawm.